The apparent parallels between Mormon ritual and doctrine and those of Freemasonry have long been recognized. That Joseph Smith, Brigham Young, and other early church leaders were, at least for a time, Masons, is common knowledge. Yet while early historians of the LDS Church openly acknowledged this connection, the question of influence was later dismissed and almost became taboo among faithful church members. Just as Mormons have tried to downplay any ties to Freemasonry, Masons have sought to distance themselves from Mormonism. In Joseph’s Temples, Michael Homer reveals how deeply the currents of Freemasonry and Mormonism entwined in the early nineteenth century. He goes on to lay out the later declining course of relations between the two movements, until a détente in recent years.
 
There are indications that Freemasonry was a pervasive foundational element in Mormonism and that its rituals and origin legends influenced not just the secret ceremonies of the LDS temples but also such important matters as the organization of the Mormon priesthood, the foundation of the women’s Relief Society, the introduction and concealment of polygamy, and the church’s position on African Americans’ full membership. Freemasonry was also an important facet of Mormons’ relations with broader American society.
 
The two movements intertwined within a historical context of early American intellectual, social, and religious ferment, which influenced each of them and in varying times and situations placed them either in the current or against the flow of mainstream American culture and politics. Joseph’s Temples provides a comprehensive examination of a dynamic relationship and makes a significant contribution to the history of Mormonism, Freemasonry, and their places in American history. 

Recipient of the Meritorious Book Award from the Utah Division of State History

Michael W. Homer is a practicing trial lawyer and an award-winning author of numerous books and articles in the fields of law and history. He served as Chair of the Board of State History and is a Fellow of the Utah State Historical Society. He is the Honorary Italian Consul in Utah and has been recognized as a Cavaliere dell’Ordine della Stella D’Italia [Knight of the Order of the Star of Italy].

List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Introduction 

1. European Freemasonry 
2. American Freemasonry 
3. The Rise of Mormonism
4. Joseph’s First Temple 
5. Pharaoh’s Curse
6. Mormon Freemasonry 
7. The Female Relief Society 
8. The Holy Order 
9. Joseph’s Second Temple
10. Brigham’s Temples 
11. Utah Freemasonry 
12. The Last Mormon Masons 
13. Secret and Oath-bound 
14. Legends and Folklore 
15. The Dynamic Relationship 


Chronology 

Selected Bibliography 
Index